NPM - Hash package-lock.json

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: ~/.npm key: ${{ runner.os }}-npm-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }} restore-keys: | ${{ runner.os }}-npm-

pnpm - More aggressive caching

uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2 with: version: 8
uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: | ~/.pnpm-store node_modules key: ${{ runner.os }}-pnpm-${{ hashFiles('**/pnpm-lock.yaml') }} restore-keys: | ${{ runner.os }}-pnpm-

Python pip

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: ~/.cache/pip key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('**/requirements.txt') }}

Cargo/Rust

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: | ~/.cargo/bin/ ~/.cargo/registry/index/ ~/.cargo/registry/cache/ ~/.cargo/git/db/ target/ key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}

Docker Layer Caching Using Buildx - name: Set up Docker Buildx uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

name: Build with cache uses: docker/build-push-action@v5 with: context: . cache-from: type=gha cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

Registry-based Cache - name: Build with registry cache uses: docker/build-push-action@v5 with: context: . cache-from: type=registry,ref=myapp:buildcache cache-to: type=registry,ref=myapp:buildcache,mode=max

Build Output Caching

Next.js cache

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: | ${{ github.workspace }}/.next/cache key: ${{ runner.os }}-nextjs-${{ hashFiles('/package-lock.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('/.js', '/.jsx', '/*.ts', '/.tsx') }} restore-keys: | ${{ runner.os }}-nextjs-${{ hashFiles('*/package-lock.json') }}- ${{ runner.os }}-nextjs-

Webpack cache

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: node_modules/.cache/webpack key: ${{ runner.os }}-webpack-${{ hashFiles('webpack.config.js') }}-${{ hashFiles('src/**') }}

TypeScript build cache

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: | dist tsconfig.tsbuildinfo key: ${{ runner.os }}-tsc-${{ hashFiles('*/.ts') }}

Test Results Caching

Jest cache

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: /tmp/jest_rt key: ${{ runner.os }}-jest-${{ hashFiles('*/.test.ts') }}

Pytest cache

uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: .pytest_cache key: ${{ runner.os }}-pytest-${{ hashFiles('/test.py') }}

Before/After Metrics

Before Optimization

Total time: 12 minutes
npm ci: 4 minutes
Build: 5 minutes
Tests: 3 minutes

After Caching

Total time: 3 minutes
npm ci: 30 seconds (cache hit)
Build: 1 minute (incremental)
Tests: 1.5 minutes (cache hit)

Improvement: 75% faster (12m → 3m)

Cache Hit Rate Monitoring - name: Check cache hit id: cache uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: node_modules key: ${{ runner.os }}-deps-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json') }}

name: Log cache status run: | if [ "${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit }}" == "true" ]; then echo "✅ Cache hit - saved $(date -u -d @$SECONDS +%M:%S)" else echo "❌ Cache miss - installing from scratch" fi

Best Practices Precise keys: Include all dependencies in hash Restore keys: Fallback to partial matches Multiple paths: Cache related files together Size limits: GitHub Actions limit is 10GB Expiration: Caches expire after 7 days Mode=max: Docker cache mode for better hits Monitor hits: Track cache effectiveness Common Pitfalls

❌ Too generic keys: key: deps (always hits) ✅ Specific keys: key: deps-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json') }}

❌ Missing restore-keys: Cache miss on minor changes ✅ Restore keys: Partial match fallback

❌ Caching node_modules with wrong lock file ✅ Match lock file: Hash the right lockfile

Output Checklist Package manager cache configured Build output cache Docker layer cache (if applicable) Test cache configured Cache keys use file hashes Restore keys for fallback Before/after metrics documented Cache hit monitoring

caching-strategy-optimizer

安装