Develop robust strategies grounded in rigorous competitive and market analysis, using proven frameworks to diagnose challenges, formulate guiding policies, and specify coherent actions.
When to Use
Business Strategy Development:
-
Market entry strategy (new product, geography, segment)
-
Strategic planning (annual plans, 3-year vision, OKRs)
-
Strategic decisions (build vs buy, pricing, positioning, business model)
-
Growth strategy (organic, M&A, partnerships, platform)
Competitive Analysis:
-
Competitor profiling (features, pricing, positioning, strengths/weaknesses)
-
Threat assessment (new entrants, substitutes, competitive moves)
-
Differentiation opportunities (market gaps, uncontested space)
-
Industry structure analysis (5 Forces, consolidation, barriers to entry)
Strategic Frameworks:
-
Need structured approach to complex strategic questions
-
Multiple stakeholders requiring alignment on strategy rationale
-
High-stakes decisions requiring rigorous analysis
-
Teaching/communicating strategy to teams
What Is It
Strategy & Competitive Analysis applies proven frameworks to make better strategic decisions:
Good Strategy Kernel (Rumelt): Diagnosis (what's the challenge) → Guiding Policy (overall approach) → Coherent Actions (specific coordinated steps).
Competitive Analysis: Porter's 5 Forces (rivalry, new entrants, substitutes, buyer power, supplier power), competitor profiling (SWOT per competitor), positioning maps, moat assessment.
Example: SaaS startup entering crowded market → Diagnosis: commoditized features, price competition, high CAC. Guiding Policy: vertical specialization (healthcare) + product-led growth. Coherent Actions: build HIPAA compliance, create compliance templates, offer free tier, invest in SEO for "healthcare SaaS".
Workflow
Copy this checklist and track your progress:
Strategy & Competitive Analysis Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Frame strategic question and gather context
- [ ] Step 2: Choose framework(s) based on question type
- [ ] Step 3: Conduct analysis using chosen framework(s)
- [ ] Step 4: Synthesize insights and formulate strategy
- [ ] Step 5: Validate and create action plan
Step 1: Frame strategic question
Clarify the strategic question, business context (industry, stage, constraints), competitive landscape, and success criteria. See Common Patterns for typical question types.
Step 2: Choose framework(s)
For industry/competitive structure → Use Porter's 5 Forces. For positioning → Use Blue Ocean Strategy Canvas or Value Chain Analysis. For overall strategy → Use Good Strategy kernel. For multiple options → Use SWOT per option. See Strategic Frameworks Overview and resources/methodology.md for framework selection guidance.
Step 3: Conduct analysis
For straightforward competitive analysis → Use resources/template.md. For complex multi-framework strategy → Study resources/methodology.md for integrated approach. Gather data (competitor research, market analysis, customer insights), apply framework systematically, document findings with evidence.
Step 4: Synthesize insights
Apply Good Strategy kernel: Diagnosis (core challenge from analysis), Guiding Policy (overall approach to address challenge), Coherent Actions (3-5 specific coordinated steps). Ensure coherence (actions reinforce each other, support guiding policy, address diagnosis).
Step 5: Validate and create action plan
Self-assess using resources/evaluators/rubric_strategy_and_competitive_analysis.json. Check: diagnosis grounded in evidence, guiding policy addresses root challenge, actions coherent and specific, competitive positioning clear, assumptions explicit, risks identified. Create strategy-and-competitive-analysis.md with strategy summary, supporting analysis, action plan with owners/timelines.
Strategic Frameworks Overview
| Good Strategy Kernel | Overall strategy formulation | Diagnosis + Guiding Policy + Coherent Actions
| Porter's 5 Forces | Assess industry attractiveness, competitive intensity | Industry structure analysis, profit potential
| SWOT Analysis | Evaluate internal/external factors, compare options | Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
| Blue Ocean Strategy | Find uncontested market space, redefine competition | Strategy canvas, value innovation
| Playing to Win | Define strategic choices explicitly | Where to play (markets/segments), How to win (advantage)
| Value Chain Analysis | Identify cost advantages, differentiation opportunities | Value activities, cost drivers, linkages
| BCG Matrix | Manage product portfolio | Stars, Cash Cows, Dogs, Question Marks
| Competitive Profiling | Understand specific competitors deeply | Competitor SWOT, positioning, strategy inference
Framework Selection:
-
Single product launch → Blue Ocean Strategy Canvas + Competitive Profiling
-
Market entry decision → Porter's 5 Forces + Playing to Win
-
Annual strategic planning → Good Strategy Kernel + SWOT
-
Turnaround/crisis → Good Strategy Kernel (diagnosis critical)
-
Portfolio management → BCG Matrix + Resource allocation
See resources/methodology.md for detailed framework application guidance.
Competitive Analysis Overview
Competitor Profiling:
-
Identify competitors: Direct (same solution), Indirect (different solution, same job), Potential (adjacent markets, new entrants)
-
Profile each: Product/features, Pricing, Target customers, Positioning/messaging, Strengths/weaknesses, Strategy inference, Financial health, Recent moves
-
Analyze: SWOT per competitor, Competitive positioning map (2x2: price vs features, etc.), Share of wallet, Win/loss patterns
Porter's 5 Forces:
-
Competitive Rivalry: Number of competitors, market growth rate, differentiation, switching costs, exit barriers
-
Threat of New Entrants: Barriers to entry (capital, technology, brand, regulation, network effects)
-
Threat of Substitutes: Alternative solutions, price-performance trade-offs, switching costs
-
Bargaining Power of Buyers: Concentration, price sensitivity, switching costs, backward integration threat
-
Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Concentration, uniqueness, switching costs, forward integration threat
Output: Industry attractiveness (high/medium/low profit potential), key competitive dynamics, strategic implications.
Competitive Moats (sustainable advantages):
-
Network effects: Value increases with more users (platforms, marketplaces)
-
Switching costs: High cost to change providers (data lock-in, integration, learning curve)
-
Brand: Strong brand recognition and loyalty
-
Cost advantages: Scale economies, proprietary technology, favorable access to resources
-
Regulatory: Licenses, patents, compliance barriers
Common Patterns
Pattern 1: Market Entry Strategy
-
Diagnosis: Assess market using Porter's 5 Forces + competitive profiling
-
Guiding Policy: Choose positioning (Blue Ocean or competitive response)
-
Coherent Actions: Go-to-market, product roadmap, pricing, partnerships
Pattern 2: Competitive Response
-
Diagnosis: Analyze competitor threat (new entrant, feature launch, price cut)
-
Guiding Policy: Defend, ignore, or leapfrog
-
Coherent Actions: Feature parity, differentiation doubling-down, or new positioning
Pattern 3: Strategic Planning (Annual)
-
Diagnosis: Current state SWOT + market trends + competitive landscape
-
Guiding Policy: Focus areas (3-5 strategic themes) for next year
-
Coherent Actions: OKRs, initiatives, resource allocation
Pattern 4: Differentiation Strategy
-
Diagnosis: Competitive positioning map + customer needs analysis
-
Guiding Policy: Differentiation axis (vertical, feature set, experience, business model)
-
Coherent Actions: Product roadmap, marketing messaging, pricing structure
Guardrails
Evidence-Based:
-
Ground diagnosis in data (market research, customer interviews, competitor analysis)
-
State assumptions explicitly (market size, growth rate, competitive response)
-
Distinguish facts from hypotheses
-
Cite sources for key claims
Coherence:
-
Actions must reinforce each other (not independent initiatives)
-
Actions must support guiding policy
-
Guiding policy must address diagnosis (not aspirational goals)
-
Strategy must be internally consistent (no contradictions)
Realism:
-
Acknowledge constraints (resources, capabilities, time, competition)
-
Identify risks and mitigation plans
-
Avoid wishful thinking ("if we just execute perfectly...")
-
Test strategy against competitive response scenarios
Specificity:
-
Diagnosis: specific challenge (not "we need to grow" but "customer acquisition cost exceeds LTV in current market")
-
Guiding Policy: clear approach (not "be customer-focused" but "vertical specialization in healthcare")
-
Coherent Actions: concrete steps with owners and timelines (not "improve product" but "build HIPAA compliance by Q2, led by Security Team")
Differentiation:
-
Strategy must be defensible against competition
-
Identify sustainable competitive advantages (moats)
-
Avoid "best practices" that competitors can easily copy
-
Explain why this strategy is hard for competitors to replicate
Quick Reference
Inputs Required:
-
Strategic question or decision to make
-
Business context (industry, stage, goals, constraints)
-
Competitive landscape (who are competitors, market dynamics)
-
Available resources and capabilities
Frameworks to Use:
-
Industry analysis → Porter's 5 Forces
-
Overall strategy → Good Strategy Kernel
-
Positioning → Blue Ocean Strategy Canvas, Value Chain Analysis
-
Portfolio → BCG Matrix
-
Competitor analysis → SWOT, Competitive Profiling
Outputs Produced:
strategy-and-competitive-analysis.mdwith:
Strategic question and context
-
Analysis (frameworks applied, findings, evidence)
-
Strategy summary (diagnosis, guiding policy, coherent actions)
-
Competitive positioning
-
Action plan (initiatives, owners, timelines, success metrics)
-
Assumptions, risks, mitigations
Resources:
-
Quick competitive analysis → resources/template.md
-
Complex multi-framework strategy → resources/methodology.md
-
Quality validation → resources/evaluators/rubric_strategy_and_competitive_analysis.json
Minimum Quality Standard:
-
Diagnosis grounded in evidence (not assumptions)
-
Guiding policy addresses root challenge (not symptoms)
-
Coherent actions specific and mutually reinforcing
-
Competitive analysis rigorous (Porter's 5 Forces or equivalent)
-
Assumptions explicit, risks identified with mitigations
-
Average rubric score ≥ 3.5/5 before delivering