Next.js 15 Optimization Skill Objective
Optimize Next.js applications to achieve:
Perfect Core Web Vitals scores (LCP < 2.5s, FID < 100ms, CLS < 0.1) Fast page load times and optimal rendering strategies Efficient data fetching and caching Production-ready build configuration SEO and accessibility excellence When to Use This Skill
Auto-invoke when:
Project uses Next.js (detected by next in dependencies) User mentions "optimize", "performance", "slow", or "Core Web Vitals" Before production deployment After adding new features or pages User requests Next.js-specific improvements Prerequisites Check
Tools: Read, Grep
Verify Next.js version:
Read package.json
Check for "next": "^15.0.0" or higher
Detect App Router (Next.js 13+):
Check for app/ directory Check for layout.tsx, page.tsx files
Detect Pages Router (Legacy):
Check for pages/ directory Suggest migration to App Router Optimization Categories 1. Rendering Strategy Optimization
Goal: Choose optimal rendering for each page/component
Tools: Read, Grep, Edit
1.1 Server Components (Default in App Router)
When to use:
Data fetching from APIs/databases Heavy computation Access to backend resources
Pattern:
// app/dashboard/page.tsx
export default async function DashboardPage() {
const data = await fetchData(); // Runs on server
return
Check for violations:
Search for "use client" in components that don't need it
grep -r "use client" app/ | grep -v "onClick|useState|useEffect"
1.2 Client Components
When to use:
Interactive UI (onClick, forms) Browser APIs (window, localStorage) React hooks (useState, useEffect)
Pattern:
// app/components/Counter.tsx 'use client';
export default function Counter() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); return ; }
Optimization: Keep client components small and leaf nodes
1.3 Static Generation (SSG)
When to use:
Content that rarely changes Marketing pages, blogs, documentation
Pattern:
export const revalidate = 3600; // Revalidate every hour
export default async function BlogPost({ params }) { const post = await getPost(params.slug); return ; }
1.4 Dynamic Rendering with ISR
When to use:
Content that changes periodically E-commerce products, user profiles
Pattern:
export const revalidate = 60; // Revalidate every minute
export async function generateStaticParams() { const products = await getProducts(); return products.map((p) => ({ slug: p.slug })); }
- Image Optimization
Goal: Optimize images for performance and Core Web Vitals
Tools: Grep, Read, Edit
2.1 Use Next.js Image Component
Find unoptimized images:
grep -rn "<img " app/ src/
Replace with:
import Image from 'next/image';
2.2 Configure Image Domains
Read next.config.js:
module.exports = { images: { remotePatterns: [ { protocol: 'https', hostname: 'example.com', }, ], formats: ['image/avif', 'image/webp'], // Modern formats }, };
2.3 Lazy Loading Strategy priority: Above-the-fold images (LCP candidates) loading="lazy": Below-the-fold images (default) 3. Font Optimization
Goal: Eliminate FOUT/FOIT and improve font loading
Tools: Read, Edit
3.1 Use next/font
Pattern:
// app/layout.tsx import { Inter } from 'next/font/google';
const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'], display: 'swap', // Prevent FOIT variable: '--font-inter', });
export default function RootLayout({ children }) { return ( <html lang="en" className={inter.variable}> <body>{children}</body> </html> ); }
3.2 Self-Hosted Fonts import localFont from 'next/font/local';
const customFont = localFont({ src: './fonts/CustomFont.woff2', display: 'swap', variable: '--font-custom', });
- Data Fetching Optimization
Goal: Minimize waterfalls and optimize cache
Tools: Read, Grep, Edit
4.1 Parallel Data Fetching
Anti-pattern (Sequential):
const user = await getUser(); const posts = await getPosts(user.id); // Waits for user
Optimized (Parallel):
const [user, posts] = await Promise.all([ getUser(), getPosts(), ]);
4.2 Streaming with Suspense
Pattern:
import { Suspense } from 'react';
export default function Page() {
return (
<>
4.3 Cache Configuration // Aggressive caching fetch('https://api.example.com/data', { next: { revalidate: 3600 }, // Cache for 1 hour });
// No caching fetch('https://api.example.com/data', { cache: 'no-store', // Always fresh });
// Opt out of caching export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic';
- Bundle Optimization
Goal: Reduce JavaScript bundle size
Tools: Bash, Read, Edit
5.1 Analyze Bundle
Add to package.json scripts
npm run build npx @next/bundle-analyzer
5.2 Dynamic Imports
Find large components:
find app -name "*.tsx" -exec wc -l {} \; | sort -rn | head -10
Split with dynamic imports:
import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';
const HeavyComponent = dynamic(() => import('./HeavyComponent'), {
loading: () =>
5.3 Tree Shaking
Check for barrel exports:
grep -rn "export * from" app/
Replace with specific imports:
// Anti-pattern import { Button, Card, Modal } from '@/components';
// Optimized import { Button } from '@/components/Button';
- Metadata & SEO
Goal: Perfect SEO and social sharing
Tools: Read, Edit
6.1 Static Metadata // app/layout.tsx export const metadata = { title: { default: 'My App', template: '%s | My App', }, description: 'Description for SEO', openGraph: { title: 'My App', description: 'Description for social sharing', images: ['/og-image.jpg'], }, twitter: { card: 'summary_large_image', }, };
6.2 Dynamic Metadata export async function generateMetadata({ params }) { const post = await getPost(params.slug); return { title: post.title, description: post.excerpt, openGraph: { images: [post.ogImage], }, }; }
- Production Configuration
Goal: Optimize next.config.js for production
Tools: Read, Edit
7.1 Essential Config // next.config.js module.exports = { reactStrictMode: true, poweredByHeader: false, // Security compress: true, // Gzip compression
// Compiler optimizations compiler: { removeConsole: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production', },
// Image optimization images: { formats: ['image/avif', 'image/webp'], deviceSizes: [640, 750, 828, 1080, 1200, 1920], },
// React Compiler (Next.js 15) experimental: { reactCompiler: true, }, };
7.2 Turbopack (Development) // package.json { "scripts": { "dev": "next dev --turbo" } }
- Core Web Vitals Optimization
Goal: Achieve perfect Lighthouse scores
Tools: Bash, Grep, Edit
8.1 LCP (Largest Contentful Paint) < 2.5s
Optimize:
Use priority on hero images Preload critical resources Server-side render above-the-fold content // Preload critical resources <link rel="preload" href="/hero.jpg" as="image" />
8.2 FID (First Input Delay) < 100ms
Optimize:
Minimize JavaScript execution Use dynamic imports for non-critical code Defer third-party scripts import Script from 'next/script';
<Script src="https://analytics.example.com" strategy="lazyOnload" // Load after page interactive />
8.3 CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) < 0.1
Optimize:
Always specify image dimensions Reserve space for dynamic content Use font-display: swap / Reserve space for ads/banners / .ad-container { min-height: 250px; }
- Caching Strategy
Goal: Maximize cache hits and minimize server load
Tools: Read, Edit
9.1 Route Segment Config // app/dashboard/page.tsx export const revalidate = 3600; // ISR every hour export const dynamic = 'auto'; // Automatic optimization export const fetchCache = 'force-cache'; // Aggressive caching
9.2 Data Cache // Deduplicated and cached automatically const user = await fetch('https://api.example.com/user');
// Revalidate tag-based export const revalidate = 60; export const tags = ['user', 'profile'];
- Monitoring & Measurement
Goal: Track performance over time
Tools: Bash, WebSearch
10.1 Add Web Vitals Reporting // app/layout.tsx import { SpeedInsights } from '@vercel/speed-insights/next';
export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
return (
<html>
<body>
{children}
10.2 Lighthouse CI
Run Lighthouse
npx lighthouse http://localhost:3000 --view
Check Core Web Vitals
npm run build npm run start npx lighthouse http://localhost:3000 --only-categories=performance
Optimization Checklist
Run through this checklist:
All images use next/image with proper dimensions
Fonts use next/font with display: swap
Server Components used by default (no unnecessary 'use client')
Client Components are leaf nodes and minimal
Data fetching uses parallel requests where possible
Slow components wrapped in
Next.js Optimization Report
Current Status
- Next.js Version: 15.0.3
- Rendering: App Router
- React Version: 19.0.0
Issues Found
🔴 Critical (3)
- Unoptimized Images: 12
<img>tags found - Files:
app/page.tsx,app/about/page.tsx -
Fix: Replace with
next/image -
Large Client Bundle: 342 KB (target: < 200 KB)
- Cause: Heavy chart library loaded synchronously
-
Fix: Use dynamic import for
Chartcomponent -
Missing Font Optimization: Using Google Fonts via <link>
- Fix: Migrate to
next/font/google
🟡 Warnings (2)
- Sequential Data Fetching: Waterfall detected in
app/dashboard/page.tsx - No Metadata: Missing OpenGraph tags on 5 pages
Optimizations Applied
✅ Enabled React Compiler in next.config.js ✅ Added image optimization config ✅ Configured proper cache headers ✅ Added Suspense boundaries to slow routes
Performance Impact (Estimated)
- Load Time: 3.2s → 1.8s (-44%)
- Bundle Size: 342 KB → 198 KB (-42%)
- LCP: 3.1s → 2.3s (✅ Good)
- FID: 85ms → 45ms (✅ Good)
- CLS: 0.15 → 0.05 (✅ Good)
Next Steps
- Replace 12
<img>tags withnext/image - Split Chart component with dynamic import
- Add metadata to 5 pages
- Run Lighthouse to verify improvements
Best Practices Server-First Mindset: Default to Server Components Progressive Enhancement: Build for slow networks first Measure, Don't Guess: Use Lighthouse and Web Vitals Cache Aggressively: But revalidate appropriately Optimize Incrementally: Fix critical issues first Integration with Other Skills codebase-analysis - Detect Next.js project and version quality-gates - Run build and verify no regressions react-patterns - Ensure React 19 best practices testing-strategy - Add performance tests Common Anti-Patterns to Avoid
❌ Using 'use client' at the top level ❌ Not specifying image dimensions ❌ Synchronous data fetching ❌ Loading entire component libraries ❌ No Suspense boundaries ❌ Ignoring Core Web Vitals
Version History 1.0.0 (2025-01-03): Initial skill for Next.js 15 with App Router focus